Descendants of

8. Charles Augustus Edward AMELUNG [2792] ¹⁶ (Melosine EBBIGHAUSEN², Heinrich August Ludewig¹) was born on 3 Sep 1844 in Militärgemeinde, Stade, Lower Saxony, Prussia, died on 5 Dec 1908 in Brooklyn, Kings, New York,^¹⁷ at age 64, and was buried in Brooklyn, Kings, New York.

Death Notes: Obituary - The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 6 Dec 1908: Charles A. E. Amelung // Charles A. E. Amelung, one of Brooklyn's best known retail grocers, died at his residence, 1829 Nostrand avenue, yesterday, aged 65 years. He had been confined to his home with Bright's disease for some time. He was in business at the corner of Bond and Pacific streets for many years. He retired several years ago. He was a native of Staade, Germany.

Baptised: Lutheran, 15 Sep 1844, Militärgemeinde, Stade, Lower Saxony, Prussia. ⁴² In the United States he became known as Charles Augustus Edward Amelung, perhaps to distinguish himself from his father of the same name. He worked as a Retail Grocer from 1870 to 1880 at Brooklyn, Kings, New York. He was enumerated in the 1884, 1886 and 1889-1890 Brooklyn City Directories as operating grocery store at 384 Pacific Street, with home address, 116 Bond Street [a short walk around the corner]. ⁴³
He worked as a Retired Grocer in 1908. Residence at Death: 1828 Nostrand Avenue, in 1908, in Brooklyn, Kings, New York.

Charles married Louisa [2823]. Louisa was born about 1845 in , , Lower Saxony, Germany, died on 29 Dec 1890 in Brooklyn, Kings, New York, about age 45, and was buried in Brooklyn, Kings, New York.

20 iii. Pauline AMELUNG [2803] ⁴⁸ was born on 16 Apr 1882 in Brooklyn, Kings, New York,^⁴⁹ died on 5 Jul 1928 in New York, Bronx, New York,^⁵⁰ at age 46, and was buried in Brooklyn, Kings, New York.

Death Notes: Obituary - The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 6 July 1928: AMELUNG - On July 5, 1928, PAULINE K. AMELUNG of Springfield Gardens, L. I. after a lingering illness, daughter of the late Charles A. E. Amelung. Funeral Services at the Bayha Chapel, 219 Atlantic ave., Sunday, 2 p.m. Interment Greenwood.

Charles next married Mathilde RIECHMANN [2794]. Mathilde was born on 13 Jul 1857 in Hamburg, , , Germany, died on 1 Jan 1936 in New York, Queens, New York, at age 78, and was buried in Brooklyn, Kings, New York.

Marriage Notes: They were ,arried in the Schermerhorn Street Evangelical Church, Brooklyn, New York.

21 i. Ludwig AMELUNG [2839] ⁵¹ was born in 1892 in Brooklyn, Kings, New York, died on 14 Feb 1893 in Brooklyn, Kings, New York, at age 1, and was buried in Brooklyn, Kings, New York.

22 ii. Emma Augusta Henrietta AMELUNG [2805] ⁵² was born on 28 Jul 1894 in Brooklyn, Kings, New York, died on 6 Jun 1895 in Brooklyn, Kings, New York,^⁵³ and was buried in Brooklyn, Kings, New York.

23 iii. William Albert AMELUNG [2793] ⁵⁴ was born on 3 Feb 1896 in Brooklyn, Kings, New York, died on 23 Oct 1970 in Waterbury, New Haven, Connecticut,^⁵⁵ at age 74, and was buried in Waterbury, New Haven, Connecticut.

William married Viola B. WILLIAMS [2795]. Viola was born about 1895 in , , Alabama, died on 17 Dec 1965 in Waterbury, New Haven, Connecticut,^⁵⁷ about age 70, and was buried in Waterbury, New Haven, Connecticut.^⁵⁸ They had no children.

9. Louisa Albelina Wilhelmina AMELUNG [2917] ¹⁸ (Melosine EBBIGHAUSEN², Heinrich August Ludewig¹) was born on 23 Oct 1846 in , Stade, Lower Saxony, Prussia, died on 21 Dec 1911 in Brighton, Adams. Colorado,^¹⁹ at age 65, and was buried in Brighton, Adams. Colorado. Another name for Louisa was Louise Sophie LOHF.

Louisa married Johann "Theodor" Bernhardt LOHF [2918]. Johann was born about 1841 in Marl, , Lower Saxony, Germany and died in 1931, about age 90.

He immigrated in 1863. ⁴⁹ from Germany. He worked as a Carpenter in 1870. ⁵⁹ He had a residence in 1870 at Columbia, Boone, Missouri. ⁵⁹ He worked as a Farmer in 1900 at Mooreland, Arapahoe, Colorado. ⁴⁹ He had a residence between 1920 and 1930 at North Platte, Adams, Colorado. ⁶⁰ At the 1930 census he was age 89, widowed and enumerated at the residence of his son Theodor, age 41.

24 i. Ida Theadora LOHF [2932] ⁶¹ was born in 1869 in Columbia, Boone, Missouri and died in 1872 in , , Colorado, at age 3.

25 ii. Carl Adolph LOHF [2933] ⁶² was born on 12 Aug 1870 in Columbia, Boone, Missouri,^⁴⁹ died on 12 Mar 1939 in San Jose, Santa Clara, California,^⁶³ at age 68, and was buried in Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California.

Burial Notes: Mission City Memorial Park [Indoor Mausoleum, Section F, Tier 11, Niche 10]

Carl next married Antoinette BARRE [2954]. Antoinette was born on 27 Mar 1879 in , , California,^⁶⁴ died on 6 Sep 1951 in Sunnyvale, Santa Clara, California,^⁶⁵ at age 72, and was buried in Santa Clara, Santa Clara, California.^⁶⁶ They had no children.

Burial Notes: Mission City Memorial Park [Indoor Mausoleum, Section F, Tier 11, Niche 10]

+ 26 iii. Sophia Louisa LOHF [2919] ⁶⁷ was born on 2 Aug 1872 in Columbia, Boone, Missouri,^⁴⁹ died on 16 Oct 1956 in Brighton, Adams. Colorado, at age 84, and was buried in Brighton, Adams. Colorado.

27 iv. Theodore Frederick LOHF [2934] ⁶⁸ was born in 1876 in Columbia, Boone, Missouri and died in 1887, at age 11.

+ 28 v. William Frederick LOHF [2920] ⁶⁹ was born on 21 May 1879 in Columbia, Boone, Missouri,^⁴⁹ died in 1958, at age 79, and was buried in Fort Morgan, Morgan, Colorado.

29 vi. Otto Louis LOHF [2935] ⁶⁸ was born on 6 Mar 1881 in , , Colorado and died on 5 Oct 1893 in Brighton, Adams. Colorado, at age 12.

30 vii. Leopold Albert LOHF [2921] ⁷⁰ was born on 9 Jun 1883 in Denver, , Colorado^⁴⁹ and died in 1952, at age 69.

31 viii. August Ernest LOHF [2922] ⁷¹ was born on 16 Sep 1884 in Denver, , Colorado^⁴⁹ and died on 27 Apr 1943 in , , Colorado,^⁷² at age 58.

He had a residence in 1918 at Bayard, Morrill, Nebraska. ⁷³ He had a residence in 1940 at Lower Platte, Adams, Colorado.

32 ix. Theodore Fritz LOHF [2923] ⁷⁰ was born on 17 Dec 1888 in Brighton, Adams. Colorado^⁴⁹ and died on 18 Oct 1943 in Brighton, Adams. Colorado, at age 54.

10. Henry A. E. AMELUNG [2796] ²⁰ (Melosine EBBIGHAUSEN², Heinrich August Ludewig¹) was born on 17 Dec 1848 in Wersabe, Sandstedt, Lower Saxony, Prussia, died on 9 Oct 1910 in Easton, Northampton, Pennsylvania,^²¹ at age 61, and was buried in Easton, Northampton, Pennsylvania.^²² Another name for Henry was Heinrich August Eduard AMELUNG.⁷⁴

Death Notes: Obituary - The Morning Call, Allentown, Pennsylvania, 14 Oct 1910: HENRY E. AMELUNG // Henry E. Amelung died at his residence, Northampton, and Warren streets, at 8:15 o'clock Sunday evening, aged 62 year. He is survived by his widow, three daughters and three sons. The children are, Carolyn Amelung, Lillian Amelung, Henrietta Amelung, Edward Amelung, Frederick Amelung and Henry Amelung, all of Easton; also his aged mother, Mrs. Melosinie Amelung, of this city, and by one brother and one sister, Lewis Amelung, of Detroit, Michigan, and Mrs. Louisa Loft, of Denver, Colorado.

Henry married Caroline RAAB [2797], daughter of Frederick RAAB [2891] ⁷⁵ and Margareta [2892],.⁷⁵ Caroline was born in 1850 in , , Maryland,^⁷⁵ died on 3 Aug 1938 in , , New Jersey,^⁷⁶ at age 88, and was buried in Easton, Northampton, Pennsylvania.^⁷⁶

She had a residence in 1860 at Hoboken, Hudson, New Jersey. She had a residence in 1910 at Easton, Northampton, Pennsylvania. ²¹ She had a residence in 1920 at Newark, Essex, New Jersey. ⁶⁴ At the 1920 Census she was enumerated as a Widow, aged 67. Also enumerated was daughter, Lillian aged 41, and two "Roomers". She had a residence in 1930 at Nutley, Essex, New Jersey. At the 1930 Census she was a widow aged 79, enumerated at the residence of son-in-law and daughter, Frank and Carolyne Drake.

33 i. Lillian Amelia AMELUNG [2813] ⁷⁷ was born about 1879 in Brooklyn, Kings, New York^⁶⁴ and died after 1930.

She had a residence in 1920 at Newark, Essex, New Jersey. ⁶⁴ At the 1920 Census she was age 41 and unmarried enumerated at mother's residence.

Lillian married Charles Edgar LLOYD [2946], son of Edgar LLOYD [2947] ⁷⁸ and Elizabeth A. PROCTOR [2948],.⁷⁸ Charles was born on 25 Oct 1869 in Delawanna, Passaic, New Jersey^⁷⁹ and died after 1930.

He had a residence in 1900 at Hoboken, Hudson, New Jersey. Also enumerated was Etta Amelung, age 21 [Niece]. He resided at 111 11th Street in 1930 at Newark, Essex, New Jersey. ⁸⁰

34 ii. Henrietta AMELUNG [2814] ⁸¹ was born about 1883 in New York, , New York,^⁶⁴ died on 24 Sep 1963 in Newark, Essex, New Jersey,^⁸² about age 80, and was buried in Easton, Northampton, Pennsylvania.^⁸³

Henrietta married William Henry RAAB [2846], son of Frederick RAAB [2889] ⁴⁹ and Wilhelmina GILFERT [2890],.⁸⁴ William was born on 8 Feb 1883 in Hoboken, Hudson, New Jersey,^⁸⁵ died on 17 Mar 1956 in Newark, Essex, New Jersey,^⁸² at age 73, and was buried in Easton, Northampton, Pennsylvania.^⁸⁶

He had a residence in 1930 at Orange, Essex, New Jersey. He had a residence in 1942 at Newark, Essex, New Jersey. ⁸⁰

+ 35 iii. Henry Edward AMELUNG Jr. [2817] ⁸⁷ was born on 22 Nov 1885 in Newton, Sussex, New Jersey,^⁸⁸ died on 4 Oct 1939 in New York, , New York,^⁸⁹ at age 53, and was buried on 6 Oct 1939 in Middle Village, Queens, New York.^⁹⁰

+ 36 iv. Carolyn Mary AMELUNG [2812] ²¹ was born about 1886 in Newton, Sussex, New Jersey and died on 9 Jun 1942 in Nutley, Essex, New Jersey,^⁹¹ about age 56.

+ 37 v. Edward AMELUNG [2815] ⁹² was born on 22 Oct 1888 in Newton, Sussex, New Jersey,^⁹³ died on 17 Dec 1974 in Fort Lauderdale, Broward, Florida,^⁹⁴ at age 86, and was buried in Easton, Northampton, Pennsylvania.^⁹⁵

38 vi. Frederick William AMELUNG [2816] ⁹⁶ was born in 1902 in , , New Jersey, died on 24 Jan 1960 in Cedar Grove, Essex, New Jersey,^⁹⁷ at age 58, and was buried in Easton, Northampton, Pennsylvania.

Death Notes: Obituary - The Montclair Times, 28 Jan 1960: AMELUNG -Frederick William of 103 South Eleventh St., Newark, N. J., on Sunday Jan. 24, 1960. Brother of Mrs. William H. Raab and Edward Amelung. Service was held at Arthur K. Brown, Inc., (Home for Services), 620 Bloomfield Ave., corner of Gould St., Verona, N. J., Wednesday morning at 10 o'clock. Interment Easton Pa.

He resided at Essex County Hospital for the Insane in 1920 at Cedar Grove, Essex, New Jersey. ⁶⁴ At the 1920 Census he was age 20, enumerated as an "Inmate".

14. Luise Johanna Drescher LANKENAU [2448] ³⁷ (Ludwig², Heinrich August Ludewig¹) was born on 14 Mar 1861 in Osterholz, Osterholz, Lower Saxony, Germany and died on 3 Jul 1926 in Hamburg, , , Germany, at age 65.

+ 39 i. Theodore Henry HOFFMANN [5] ⁹⁸ was born on 1 Oct 1883 in Altona, Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Germany,^⁹⁹ died on 3 Aug 1952 in Hudson, Columbia, New York,^¹⁰⁰ at age 68, and was buried on 7 Aug 1952 in Middle Village, Queens, New York.^¹⁰¹ (Relationship to UNK: Biological father's identity - unknown, Relationship to Luise: Biological)

Luise next married Johannes Julius Gustav BUCKE [2449]. Johannes was born on 8 Jun 1861 in Hamburg, , , Germany and died on 19 Mar 1938 in Hamburg, , , Germany,^¹⁰² at age 76.

41 ii. Louise Jenny BUCKE [2782] ¹⁰⁴ was born on 26 Aug 1888 in Hamburg, , , Germany and died on 20 Oct 1888 in Hamburg, , , Germany.^¹⁰⁵

42 iii. Berthold Ludwig Walther BUCKE [2781] ¹⁰⁶ was born on 29 Apr 1892 in Hamburg, , , Germany.

43 iv. Elfride Gertrud BUCKE [2783] ¹⁰⁷ was born on 26 Jun 1895 in Hamburg, , , Germany.

44 v. Julius Gustav Arnold BUCKE [2785] ¹⁰⁸ was born on 10 Sep 1898 in Hamburg, , , Germany.

45 vi. Dorothea Käthe BUCKE [2786] ¹⁰⁹ was born on 3 Mar 1901 in Hamburg, , , Germany.

16. Mathilde "Tilly" Melosine EBBIGHAUSEN [6] (Carl Heinrich August², Heinrich August Ludewig¹) was born on 22 Aug 1880 in Cuxhaven, Cuxhaven, Lower Saxony, Germany,^³⁹ died on 5 Feb 1942 in New York, Manhattan, New York,^⁴⁰ at age 61, and was buried in Middle Village, Queens, New York.^³⁵ Another name for Mathilde was Tilly.

Death Notes: Obituary - The New York Times, published 7 Feb 1942: Mrs. Theodore Hoffmann. Wife of Head of Steuben Society, Active in Auxiliary, Dies: Mrs. Mathilde M. Hoffmann, wife of Theodore H. Hoffmann, president of the Steuben Society of America, died on Thursday in New York Hospital after an illness of four months. She was 61 years old and lived at 3839 Bronx Boulevard, the Bronx.
Mrs. Hoffmann was born in Germany and came to this country forty-four years ago. She was treasurer of the Michael Hillegas Unit of the Steuben Society and also belonged to the woman's auxiliary of the organization. In addition, she was a member of the White Cross Ladies Auxiliary and the Fordham Lutheran Church.
In addition to her husband, she leaves a son, Ludwig C. Hoffmann, and a daughter, Jane V. Hoffmann.

General Notes: She traveled to Germany on several occasions to visit family and friends as follows:
September 13, 1903 [S.S. Blucher] - Manifest stated; Traveling: "Self", Port of Departure: Cuxhaven. previously in the US 1898-1903 and "to home".
September 22, 1909 [S.S. Blucher] - She was accompanied by her son, Ludwig Hoffmann, age 3.
April 12, 1924 [S.S. Westphalia] - She was accompanied by daughter, Jane Hoffmann, age 8.
December 11, 1924 [S.S. Westphalia] - She traveled alone.
April 24,1930 [S.S. Dresden] - She was accompanied by daughter, Jane V. Hoffmann, age 14.
August 10, 1931 [S.S. Olympic] - She was accompanied by husband, Theodore Hoffmann.
November 19, 1935 [S.S. Europa] - She traveled alone.

She emigrated to New York City in Oct 1898 from Cuxhaven, Cuxhaven, Lower Saxony, Germany. ¹¹¹ She departed the Port of Hamburg 9 Oct 1898 on the Hamburg-America Line ship "Pennsylvania". At the age of twenty, having been in the United States two years, she was employed as one of two “Servants” in the home of Edmund and Marie Lorbacher, 214 Harrison Street, Brooklyn, New York.

Residence at Marriage: 52 East 68th Street, Dec 1905, New York, Manhattan, New York. ¹¹² Residence at Death: 3830 Bronx Boulevard, in Feb 1942, in New York, Bronx, New York.

Mathilde married Theodore Henry HOFFMANN [5], son of UNK UNK [2450] and Luise Johanna Drescher LANKENAU [2448],.³⁷ Theodore was born on 1 Oct 1883 in Altona, Hamburg, Lower Saxony, Germany,^⁹⁹ died on 3 Aug 1952 in Hudson, Columbia, New York,^¹⁰⁰ at age 68, and was buried on 7 Aug 1952 in Middle Village, Queens, New York.^¹⁰¹ Another name for Theodore was Ludwig Theodor Heinrich Andreas LANKENAU.¹¹³

Marriage Notes: They were married by Rev. Paul Roesener, pastor of St. Stephens Lutheran Church, 1001 Union Street, Bronx. New York.

Birth Notes: Theodore's German Birth Certificate name was; Ludwig Theodor Heinrich Andreas Lankenau, born 1 October 1883, at Altona, Schumacherstraße 92, mother's name - Luise Lankenau, described as a "Maid, Protestant religion". Biological father's name is unknown. Luise subsequently married 31 March 1885 Johannes Julius Gustav Buck at Altona, Germany, and had children. She died at age 65, 3 July 1926 at Hamburg, Germany.
Theodore was brought to the United States as a four-month-old baby, renamed Theodore Henrich Hoffmann. [The origin of the name "Hoffmann" is not known.] He was raised by his biological grandmother Margaretha "Dorothea" Lankenau and her husband Ludwig Hoffmann [AKA: Ludwig Ebbighausen], his future wife's uncle.
Theodore's Nationalization petition stated born at Hamburg, Germany. His passport application issued 12 Apr 1924 stated born 1 Oct 1883 at Altona, Germany [the westernmost urban borough of the German city state of Hamburg, on the right bank of the Elbe river].

Death Notes: Obituary, New York Times, published 5 Aug 1952: Theodore H. Hoffmann of 2870 Marion Avenue, the Bronx, national chairman of the Steuben Society of America and for twenty-five years a leader among Americans of German origin, died Sunday night in the Hudson (N.Y.) Hospital after a long illness, at the age of 68.
Joining the Steuben Society in 1919, a year after its formation, Mr. Hoffmann was made acting chairman in 1924 and national chairman in 1935. He was also a member of the Police Athletic League, the Lighthouse Association for the blind, Mecca Temple, Wyoming Masonic Lodge, the Elks and the Bronx County Grand Jurors Association.
Since 1905, he had been active in the work of the Life Saving Service of the City of New York. Mr. Hoffmann held the Congressional Medal for Life Saving, the American Cross of Honor for Life Saving and the medal of the United States Voluntary Life Savings Corps.
A daughter, Mrs. Henry Owen Little of Claverack, N.Y., and a son, Ludwig Carl Hoffmann of McLean, Va., survive.

Burial Notes: His funeral service was in the Fordham Lutheran Church. He was buried at the Lutheran All Faiths Cemetery.

General Notes: DISCUSSION REGARDING THE IDENTITY OF THEO'S PARENTS: Our subject was born out of wedlock October 1, 1883, and at the age of five months was removed to the United States and given the name "Theodore Henry Hoffmann". His German birth name was "Ludwig Theodor Heinrick Andreas Lankenau".

A Hamburg, Germany, birth registration record was located on Ancestry.com for; Ludwig Theodor Heinrick Andreas Lankenau [birth date and birth place matched that of subject]. Mother's name on record was; Luise Johanna Drescher Lankenau [her Hamburg Death record contained a birth date that matched birth date stated in our subject's Reminder Book and birth place; Osterholz, Germany. She would have been twenty-two when Theo was born. Father's name was not stated. Luise's mother was Margaretha Dorothea Lankenau, same as listed in the Reminder Book as "Grandma Doris" [her Baptism record was located showing same birth date and birth location Osterholz, same as Luise's birth location]. The Baptism record also stated parents; Heinrich and Metta Lankenau [her NYC death registration record listed father; "Heinrich" and mother; Rebecca"(English for Metta)]. Grandma Doris" would have been aged twenty-two when Luise was born in 1861 and is our subject's biological grandmother. His Bronx Marriage certificate #1775 dated 16 December 1905 stated father's name Ludwig [last name not stated], mother's name, Louise Ebbighausen.

Regarding "Grandpa" [Ludwig Hoffmann]. A Birth / Baptism record was located stating his true birth name was Ludewig Ebbighausen [German Lutheran Baptisms record located on Ancestry.com. Subject name "Ludewig Ebbighausen," date of birth 24 September 1839, Father: Heinrich August Ludewig Ebbighausen, Mother: Wilhelmine Ebbighausen]. His birth date was the same as listed in the Reminder Book and first names same as listed on subject's 1909 Bronx #153 Death Certificate. Mother's scribbled last name was not decipherable except last letters …fezer [verified as "Schwerdtfeger"]. Additional evidence located on Ancestry.com was a ship's manifest listing a Ludwig Ebbighausen, age 36 [estimated birth year 1839] departing Hamburg, Germany, 23 November 1875, destination New York City. Manifest stated profession "Musiker" (Musician). Grandpa Hoffmann's stated occupation on 1900 U. S. census was, " Music Teacher." To summarize; Grandpa Hoffmann [AKA: Ebbighausen] was the older brother of Carl Heinrich August Ebbighausen father of Theo's future wife, Mathilde Ebbighausen.

This writer could not independently verify the origin of the last name "Hoffmann" and believes "Grandpa" and his wife assumed the last name when baby Theo was entrusted to 1884 to their care as a matter of convenience and to establish a new identity.

DISCUSSION REGARDING THEO AS NATIONAL CHAIRMAN OF THE STEUBEN SOCIETY OF AMERICA: Theo was well-known in the German American community as National Chairman of the Steuben Society of America. He was also a member of several charitable and social organizations in New York City. The rise of Fascism in Germany during the nineteen-thirties tested the loyalties of the German American community. Steuben Society members tended to be older naturalized American citizens. While sympathetic to German grievances the Steuben Society advocated neutrality. Members of rival Fascist sympathizing organizations drew support from younger Germans and non-American citizens. One such group, "Friends of the New Germany", organized in July 1933 and based in New York City, was openly pro-Hitler and had taken control of the "United German Societies" that sponsored annual German-day activities.

The rivalry was manifest during the December 1933 annual New York City German-day celebration described in a newspaper article as; "an enthusiastic celebration of German Day at the Madison Square Garden before a packed house of more than 20,000 persons". Several prominent Jews were manhandled and ejected from the meeting, speakers were booed and as the German ambassador [Hans Luther] arose to speak, "the audience accorded him a tremendous Nazi ovation. "Heil" resounded throughout the large main hall of the Garden, as Luther stood at the rostrum and rendered the Nazi salute. The tumult had scarcely died down, when a woman fifty feet from the rostrum screamed, "Down with Hitler, down with Hitler!" The cry was taken up in all parts of the Garden, as the surprised audience countered with "Heil Hitler!" Chairman Wieboldt rushed to the microphone and pleaded, "Please, please, give Dr. Luther a chance to speak." Police rushed to various parts of the Garden and escorted shouting men and women from their seats out of the hall. The band struck up "Deutschland Uber Alles," and the audience joined in singing it."

A newspaper article dated 13 Mar 1934, stated: "Is Theo. Hoffmann Jewish? Steuben Head Won't Answer" stated that Hoffmann refused to deny or confirm reports that he is partly Jewish." The allegation was that he was the son of a Jewish mother and consequently tried to be more German than real 'Aryans" and that this fact is known to many members of the Steuben Society members. Theo denied the Jewish allegation and demanded proof. The allegation, however, cannot be totally ignored. Altona, Germany, at the time of Theo's birth, was a major center of Ashkenazic Jewish life and scholarship attracting hundreds of students. This writer's DNA profile [Theo's grandson] does not contain markers to indicate Jewish ancestry; evidence of a Jewish parent was not true. Also, subject's German birth certificate stated mother was Protestant.

Theodore Hoffmann and a delegation of Steuben Society members traveled to Germany in August 1934 on the S. S. Berlin. He was accompanied by his daughter Jane. A Google search located: "Documents on German Foreign Policy: 1918-1945 - Page 1115": On October 31, the Führer and Chancellor received the Head of the Steuben Society of American, Mr. Theo H. Hoffmann. Mr. Hoffmann informed the Frührer and Chancellor of the aims and task of the Steuben Society and expressed severe criticism of the behaviour of the Association of "Friends of the New Germany" in America. The local heads of this Association were, for the greater part, young Germans who were not American citizens and who therefore ran the risk of being deported from America because of their political activities. It was also entirely possible that the American government would be compelled to prohibit and dissolve the Association of "Friends of the New Germany." Such a measure would, of course, provide the enemies of Germany in America with new material for agitation against Germany… Theo went on to tell the Fuhrer that "German Consuls in the United States had accepted invitations to functions of the "Friends of New Germany" and had thus indicated that they were lending this Association moral support." The Fuhrer replied that "he had given strict instructions that National Socialists were in all circumstances to refrain from political activities in the country which was their host" and that the "Friends of the New Germany" were not directed by the German Government. In December 1935, Rudolf Hess, Deputy Führer of the Nazi Party, recalled the "Friends of the New Germany" leaders to Germany and ordered all German citizens to leave the group. By March 1936, Friends of New Germany was dissolved and its membership transferred to the newly formed German American Bund, the new name being chosen to emphasize the group's American credentials after press criticism that the organization was unpatriotic. The Bund was to consist only of American citizens of German descent.

By 1938 German American public opinion had turned against the Nazi agitators. The celebration of German Day in Madison Square Garden last night [October 2, 1938] became the occasion for an open break between Nazi disciples and those who consider themselves more Americanized Germans in this country. According to announcements from the platform, the break took the German Organizers by surprise after they recently purged the celebration of the Nazi forces led by Fritz Kuhn and his German American Bund… Several scheduled prominent speakers dropped out (the German Ambassador was too busy). Theo was equally emphatic in disapproval of what he called "any exhibition of any foreign politics on our shores…". This was a major change from the 1936 conference dominated by Kuhn and his German American Bund and the 1937 conference which allowed Kuhn to parade his uniformed storm troopers.

He emigrated in Feb 1884 from Hamburg, , , Germany. ¹¹⁵ Theodore may have been removed to the United States by his self- described grandmother, Dorothea Hoffmann. Her Death Certificate dated January, 2, 1894, stated being in the United States for nine years [~1884]. Immigration records not located.
. He was employed by Alfred Field & Company, a well-known cutlery and hardware house. ¹¹⁶ He started employment in 1899 as an Office Boy and worked his way through many departments. In January 1934 he was promoted to take charge of the entire Metropolitan District. He was an associate member of the New England and New York Hardware Dealers Association. He resided at 1114 Intervale Avenue in 1905 at New York, Bronx, New York. ¹¹⁵ He was naturalized Supreme Court, New York County on 6 Sep 1905 in New York, , New York. ¹¹⁷ Name: Hoffmann, Theodore Henry. Address: 1114 Intervale Ave, NYC. Occupation: Bookkeeper. Date of Birth Oct 1 1883. Former Nationality: Emperor of Germany. Port of Arrival: NYC. Date of Arrival: 1884. Witness to Nationalization: Gustav Rechenback, 1112 Intervale Ave, NYC.
. He resided at 2327 Walton Avenue from 1918 to 1920 at New York, Bronx, New York. ¹¹⁸ He resided at 2332 Walton Avenue on 12 Apr 1924 at New York, , New York. ¹¹⁹ He traveled from Halifax, Nova Scotia, arriving 10 Aug 1931 at the Port of New York on Ship - Olympic, accompanied by his wife. ¹²⁰ He was president of the Steuben Society of America from 1934 until his death in 1952. At the 1950 census he gave his position as; Executive Chairman. ¹²¹ Theodore Hoffmann and a delegation of Steuben Society members traveled to Germany in August 1934 on the S. S. Berlin. He resided at 3830 Bronx Blvd from 1940 to 1942 at New York, Bronx, New York. ¹²² He resided at 2870 Marion Avenue from 1950 to 1952 at New York, Bronx, New York.

+ 46 i. Ludwig Theodor Karl HOFFMANN [35] ¹²³ was born on 8 Sep 1906 in New York, Bronx, New York,^³⁹ died on 17 Apr 1985 in Falls Church, , Virginia,^¹²⁴ at age 78, and was buried in Union Springs, Bullock, Alabama.^¹²⁵

47 ii. Theodore Donald HOFFMANN [202] ¹²⁶ was born on 9 Jan 1912 in New York, Bronx, New York,^¹²⁷ died on 12 Feb 1914 in New York, Bronx, New York,^⁴⁰ at age 2, and was buried in Middle Village, Queens, New York.^³⁵

Residence at Death: 2093 Mohegan Avenue, in Feb 1914, in New York, Bronx, New York.

+ 48 iii. Jane Valeria HOFFMANN [2] was born on 8 Jul 1916 in New York, Bronx, New York^¹²⁸ and died on 24 Jan 1973 in Hudson, Columbia, New York,^¹²⁹ at age 56.

1. Ancestry.com, [Burial Heinrich August Ludwig Ebbighausen in the Rhineland, Germany, Lutheran Baptisms, Marriages, and Burials, 1533-1950. .... Death Registration Certificate, New York City (Bronx) Death Certificate #153 [Ludwig Hoffman - son]. .... Ancestry.com, Heinrich August Ludewig Ebbighausen in the Rhineland, Germany, Lutheran Baptisms, Marriages, and Burials, 1533-1950.

3. Ancestry.com, Amalia Margrethe Maria Ebbighausen in the Bremen, Germany and Hannover, Prussia, Germany, Lutheran Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1574-1945.

4. Ancestry.com, Margretha Wilhelmina Ebbighausen in the Bremen, Germany and Hannover, Prussia, Germany, Lutheran Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1574-1945.

5. Ancestry.com, Ludewig Ebbighausen in the Bremen, Germany and Hannover, Prussia, Germany, Lutheran Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1574-1945.

6. 1900 United States Federal Census, Year: 1900; Census Place: Bronx, New York, New York; Roll T623_1126 Page: 5A; Enumeration D. .... Theodore Hoffmann, 1952 "Reminder & Index" book (Containing family names, anniversaries and birth/death dates). .... Ancestry.com, Ludewig Ebbighausen in the Bremen, Germany and Hannover, Prussia, Germany, Lutheran Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1574-1945.

7. Theodore Hoffmann, 1952 "Reminder & Index" book (Containing family names, anniversaries and birth/death dates). .... Death Registration Certificate, New York City (Bronx) Death Certificate #153 (transcribed by Tony, ROAGK volunteer, 25 Aug 2009).

8. Cemetery Records, Tombstone (#36-72), Lutheran All Faiths Cemetery, 6729 Metropolitan Ave, Middle Village (Queens County), New York. .... Death Registration Certificate, New York City (Bronx) Death Certificate #153(transcribed by Tony, ROAGK volunteer, 25 Aug 2009).

9. Ancestry.com, Heinrich August Ludwig Ebbighausen in the Rhineland, Germany, Lutheran Baptisms, Marriages, and Burials, 1533-1950. .... The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (www.familysearch.org), (Theodor Heinrich Hoffmann & Mathilde Ebbighausen) New York Marriages, 1686-1980, film #1940028. .... Ancestry.com, Carl Heinrich August Ebbighausen in the Bremen, Germany and Hannover, Prussia, Germany, Lutheran Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1574-1945.

10. Misc., Bronx NY marriage record transcription for Mathilde Ebbighausen & Theodore Hoffman (Sep 2009).

11. Ancestry.com, Justine Melufine Mathilde Ebbighausen in the Rhineland, Germany, Lutheran Baptisms, Marriages, and Burials, 1533-1950.

13. Ancestry.com, Melusine Amelung in the New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820-1957.

16. Ancestry.com, Charles Augustus Edward Amelung in the New York, New York, U.S., Index to Death Certificates, 1862-1948

Carl August Eduard Amelung in the Bremen, Germany and Hannover, Prussia, Germany, Lutheran Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1574-1945.

18. Ancestry.com, Johann Theod Bernh Lohf / Louise Alb Wilh Amelung in the Missouri Synod, U.S., Lutheran Church records, 1851-1973
. .... Obituary, The Morning Call, Allentown, Pennsylvania, 14 Oct 1910: HENRY E. AMELUNG [subject's brother].

20. Ancestry.com, Henry A Amelung in the Pennsylvania, U.S., Death Certificates, 1906-1970.

21. Obituary, The Morning Call, Allentown, Pennsylvania, 14 Oct 1910: HENRY E. AMELUNG.

23. "New Jersey, U.S., Births and Christenings Index, 1660-1931," Theodore Amelung in the New York, U.S., Index to Petitions for Naturalization filed in New York City, 1792-1989. .... Ancestry.com, Theodor August Ernst Amelung in the Bremen, Germany and Hannover, Prussia, Germany, Lutheran Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1574-1945.

25. Ancestry.com, Theodore Amelung in the New York, U.S., Index to Petitions for Naturalization filed in New York City, 1792-198.

27. Ancestry.com, Christian Diedrich Adolph Günther in the Hamburg, Germany, Deaths, 1874-1950.

29. Ancestry.com, Ludwig Ebbighausen in the Hamburg Passenger Lists, 1850-1934.

30. Death Registration Certificate, New York City (Bronx) Death Certificate #109 (transcribed by Tony, ROAGK volunteer, 25 Aug 2009).

31. 1900 United States Federal Census, Year: 1900; Census Place: Bronx, New York, New York; Roll: 1126; Page: 5B; Enumeration District: 1020; FHL microfilm: 1241126.

32. Ancestry.com, New York, Naturalization Petitions, 1794-1906 about Ludwig Hoffmann.

33. Theodore Hoffmann, 1952 "Reminder & Index" book (Containing family names, anniversaries and birth/death dates). .... Ancestry.com, Margaretha Dorothea Lankenau in the Bremen, Germany and Hannover, Prussia, Germany, Lutheran Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1574-1945.

34. New York City Deaths, 1892-1902, Name: Dorothea Hoffmann, Age: 54 y, Date: 02 Jan 1894, Certificate: 209
. .... Theodore Hoffmann, 1952 "Reminder & Index" book (Containing family names, anniversaries and birth/death dates). .... Ancestry.com, Dorothea Hoffmann in the New York, New York, Extracted Death Index, 1862-1948.

35. Cemetery Records, Tombstone (#36-72), Lutheran All Faiths Cemetery, 6729 Metropolitan Ave, Middle Village (Queens County), New York.

39. U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925. .... Theodore Hoffmann, 1952 "Reminder & Index" book (Containing family names, anniversaries and birth/death dates).

40. Theodore Hoffmann, 1952 "Reminder & Index" book (Containing family names, anniversaries and birth/death dates). .... New York, New York, Death Index, 1862-1948.

41. Theodore Hoffmann, 1952 "Reminder & Index" book (Containing family names, anniversaries and birth/death dates). .... Family Records & Recollections, Photo dated 1910.

42. Ancestry.com, Carl August Eduard Amelung in the Bremen, Germany and Hannover, Prussia, Germany, Lutheran Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1574-1945.

44. 1870 United States Federal Census. .... 1880 United States Federal Census.

45. Newspaper Article, Death Notice - The Brooklyn Eagle, 21 Jun 1930: AMELUNG.

46. 1880 United States Federal Census. .... 1900 United States Federal Census. .... Ancestry.com, Charles A G Ameling in the New York, U.S., Wills and Probate Records, 1659-1999.

47. 1880 United States Federal Census. .... 1900 United States Federal Census.

48. Ancestry.com, Pauline Amelung in the New York, New York, U.S., Index to Death Certificates, 1862-1948. .... 1900 United States Federal Census.

50. Obituary, The Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 6 July 1928: AMELUNG - On July 5, 1928, PAULINE K. AMELUNG of Springfield Gardens, L. I.

51. Ancestry.com, Ludwig Amelung in the New York, New York, U.S., Index to Death Certificates, 1862-1948.

52. Ancestry.com, Emma Augusta Henrietta Amelung in the New York, New York, U.S., Index to Birth Certificates, 1866-1909.

53. Ancestry.com, Emma Augusta Amelung in the New York, New York, U.S., Index to Death Certificates, 1862-1948.

54. Ancestry.com, William G. Amelung in the New York, New York, U.S., Index to Birth Certificates, 1866-1909. .... Ancestry.com, William Abert Amelung in the U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918.

55. Find-A-Grave (www.findagrave.com), Memorial ID: 148380745. .... Connecticut Depaertment of Health, death certificate Ancestry.com.

57. Find-A-Grave (www.findagrave.com), Memorial ID: 148380746. .... 1841 England Census. .... Connecticut Depaertment of Health, death certificate Ancestry.com.

60. 1930 United States Federal Census. .... 1920 United States Federal Census.

61. Public Member Tree, Wood Kasper Prichard Klostermann, Owner: Woodpete, Papillion, Nebraska. .... 1870 United States Federal Census.

62. Public Member Tree, Wood Kasper Prichard Klostermann, Owner: Woodpete, Papillion, Nebraska. .... 1900 United States Federal Census.

67. Find-A-Grave (www.findagrave.com), Memorial ID: 101395768. .... 1900 United States Federal Census.

68. Public Member Tree, Wood Kasper Prichard Klostermann, Owner: Woodpete, Papillion, Nebraska.

69. Find-A-Grave (www.findagrave.com), Memorial ID: 75739325. .... 1900 United States Federal Census. .... U.S., World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1940-1947.

70. 1900 United States Federal Census. .... U.S., World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1940-1947.

71. 1900 United States Federal Census. .... U.S., World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1940-1947. .... U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918.

72. Ancestry.com, August E. Lohf
in the Denver, Colorado, U.S., Obituary Index, 1900-2016.

74. Ancestry.com, Heinrich August Eduard Amelung in the Bremen, Germany and Hannover, Prussia, Germany, Lutheran Baptisms, Marriages and Burials, 1574-1945.

77. Obituary, The Morning Call, Allentown, Pennsylvania, 14 Oct 1910: HENRY E. AMELUNG. .... 1920 United States Federal Census. .... 1930 United States Federal Census.

78. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (www.familysearch.org), New York, New York City Marriage Records, 1829-1938 [Charles Edgar Lloyd - son]. .... 1870 United States Federal Census.

79. Ancestry.com, Chas Lloyd in the New Jersey, U.S., Birth, Marriage and Death Records, 1711-1878.

81. Obituary, The Morning Call, Allentown, Pennsylvania, 14 Oct 1910: HENRY E. AMELUNG. .... U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918. .... 1920 United States Federal Census.

82. New Jersey State Archives, Trenton, New Jersey., "New Jersey, U.S., Death Index, 1848-1878, 1901-2017."

84. 1900 United States Federal Census. .... Ancestry.com, Wilhemina Gilfert in the New York, New York, U.S., Extracted Marriage Index, 1866-1937.

85. U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918. .... Ancestry.com, Wilhelm Raab in the U.S., Presbyterian Church Records, 1701-1970
Wilhelm H Raab in the New Jersey, U.S., Births and Christenings Index, 1660-1931.

87. Ancestry.com, Henry Amelung in the New York, New York, U.S., Index to Death Certificates, 1862-1948. .... Obituary, The Morning Call, Allentown, Pennsylvania, 14 Oct 1910: HENRY E. AMELUNG. .... 1910 United States Federal Census. .... U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918.

88. 1910 United States Federal Census. .... U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918.

90. Ancestry.com, Henry Amelung in the New York, U.S., Episcopal Diocese of New York Church Records, 1767-1970.

91. Obituary, The Herald-News, Passaic, New Jersey, 11 Jun 1942: Mrs. Carolyn Drake.

92. Obituary, The Morning Call, Allentown, Pennsylvania, 14 Oct 1910: HENRY E. AMELUNG. .... 1910 United States Federal Census.

93. 1910 United States Federal Census. .... "New Jersey, U.S., Births and Christenings Index, 1660-1931." .... U.S., World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1940-1947.

94. Florida Death Index, 1877-1998. .... Obituary, Fort Lauderdale News, 18 Dec 1974: AMELUNG / Edward Amelung.

96. Find-A-Grave (www.findagrave.com), Memorial ID: 156937674. .... Obituary, The Morning Call, Allentown, Pennsylvania, 14 Oct 1910: HENRY E. AMELUNG.

97. New Jersey State Archives, Trenton, New Jersey., "New Jersey, U.S., Death Index, 1848-1878, 1901-2017." .... Obituary, The Montclair Times, 28 Jan 1960: AMELUNG -Frederick William.

98. U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925. .... Ancestry.com, U.S., Social Security Applications and Claims Index, 1936-2007.

99. U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925. .... U.S., World War II Draft Registration Cards, 1940-1947. .... 1900 United States Federal Census, Year: 1900; Census Place: Bronx, New York, New York; Roll T623_1126 Page: 5A; Enumeration D. .... Theodore Hoffmann, 1952 "Reminder & Index" book (Containing family names, anniversaries and birth/death dates).

100. Obituary, New York Times published Aug 5, 1952 (Theodore Henry Hoffmann).

101. Cemetery Records, Tombstone (#36-72), Lutheran All Faiths Cemetery, 6729 Metropolitan Ave, Middle Village (Queens County), New York. .... Newspaper Article, Funeral Notice - Daily News, New York, NY: 6 Aug 1952: THEODORE H. HOFFMANN.

102. Ancestry.com, Johannes Julius Gustav Bucke in the Hamburg, Germany, Deaths, 1874-1950.

103. Ancestry.com, Louise Johanna Bucke in the Hamburg, Germany, Births, 1874-1901.

104. Ancestry.com, Louise Jenny Bucke in the Hamburg, Germany, Births, 1874-1901.

105. Ancestry.com, Louise Jenny Bucke in the Hamburg, Germany, Deaths, 1874-1950.

106. Ancestry.com, Berthold Ludwig Walther Bucke in the Hamburg, Germany, Births, 1874-1901.

107. Ancestry.com, Elfride Gertrud Bucke in the Hamburg, Germany, Births, 1874-1901.

108. Ancestry.com, Julius Gustav Arnold Bucke in the Hamburg, Germany, Births, 1874-1901.

109. Ancestry.com, Dorothea Käthe Buckein the Hamburg, Germany, Births, 1874-1901.

110. Obituary, The New York Times, published 7 Feb 1942: Mrs. Theodore Hoffmann.

111. U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925. .... Misc., Hamburg Passenger List, 1850-1934. .... Ancestry.com, Mathilde Ebbighausen in the Hamburg Passenger Lists, 1850-1934.

113. Ancestry.com, Ludwig Theodor Heinrich Andreas Lankenau in the Hamburg, Germany, Births, 1874-1901.

114. Misc., https://www.jta.org/1934/03/13/archive/is-theo-hoffmann-jewish-steuben-head-wont-answer. .... Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (www.wikipedia.org), Friends of New Germany.

115. Ancestry.com, New York, Naturalization Petitions, 1794-1906 about Theodore Henry Hoffmann.

117. Misc., New York Petitions for Naturalization (Bundle # 286, record # 14):. .... U.S. Passport Applications, 1795-1925.

118. 1920 United States Federal Census, Year: 1920; Census Place: Bronx Assembly District 8, Bronx, New York; Roll: T625_1142; Page: 3B; Enumeration District: 435. .... Ancestry.com, Theodore Henry Hoffmann in the U.S., World War I Draft Registration Cards, 1917-1918.

119. Obituary, Obituary, New York Times published Aug 5, 1952 (Theodore Henry Hoffmann).

120. Ancestry.com, Theodore and Maltilde Hoffman (sic) in the New York, U.S., Arriving Passenger and Crew Lists (including Castle Garden and Ellis Island), 1820-1957.

123. Ancestry.com, Ludwig C Hoffmann in the Virginia, Death Records, 1912-2014.

124. Social Security Death Index. .... Obituary, Union Springs Herald, Union Springs, Alabama, 24 April 1985: Ludwig C. Hoffmann.

127. Theodore Hoffmann, 1952 "Reminder & Index" book (Containing family names, anniversaries and birth/death dates). .... Ancestry.com, Theodore B Hoffmann in the New York, New York, U.S., Birth Index, 1910-1965.

128. Theodore Hoffmann, 1952 "Reminder & Index" book (Containing family names, anniversaries and birth/death dates). .... Social Security Death Index.

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